The Combination of Lime and Plant Species Effects on Trace Metals (Copper and Cadmium) in Soil Exchangeable Fractions and Runoff in the Red Soil Region of China

The water-soluble heavy metal ions in contaminated soil may enter aquatic ecosystem through runoff, thus causing negative impact on the water environment. In this study, a two-year situ experiment was carried out to explore an effective way reduce runoff erosion and copper (Cu) cadmium (Cd) (Cu: 1,148 mg kg ?1 , Cd: 1.31 ) near large Cu smelter. We evaluated ability influence properties by four Cu-tolerance plant species ( Pennisetum sp., Elsholtzia splendens, Vetiveria zizanioides, Setaria pumila grown acidic amended with lime. results show that addition of lime can significantly exchangeable fraction (EXC) Cd (81.1–85.6% 46.3–55.9%, respectively). Plant cannot change distributions lime-amended soils, but they generation 8.39–77.0%. Although concentrations were not differed be detected among species, combined remediation 35.9–63.4% ecosystem, following order: sp. > splendens zizanioides . implication study would provide valuable insights for management risk reduction regions.